It is possible to disable the OS X Finder menu option: ‘Finder ▸ Preferences’ (cmd⌘ + ,). This will prohibit setting changes in the OS X Finder application.
defaults write com.apple.finder ProhibitFinderPreferences -bool true
To make the command take effect, you need to restart the Finder.
killall Finder
Revert to the default setting:
defaults write com.apple.finder ProhibitFinderPreferences -bool false